Lyell and Darwin first met on 29th October 1836. In Principles of Geology (first edition, vol. Shirburn Castle, the seat of the Earl of Macclesfield, is surrounded by a moat, over which is a drawbridge; it contains a noble hall, an armoury, and a suite of splendid apartments, with a fine collection of painting… His father (1767-1849) was known both as a botanist and as the translator of the Vita Nuova and the Convito of Dante ; the plant Lyellia was named after him. SIR CHARLES LYELL (14 TH NOVEMBER 1797- 22 ND FEBRUARY 1875) The birth of Charles Lyell at his family’s estate at Kinnordy, just north of Kirriemuir allows Tayside to claim one of the most important geologists who ever Modern surveys, like the British Geological Survey (founded in 1835), and the US Geological Survey (founded in 1879), map and exhibit the natural resources within the country. Charles Lyell’s father, also named Charles Lyell, gave up law as a profession after a considerable inheritance to concentrate on botany (the study of plants). [20], Lyell's geological interests ranged from volcanoes and geological dynamics through stratigraphy, palaeontology, and glaciology to topics that would now be classified as prehistoric archaeology and paleoanthropology. The student was taught to despond from the first. Having attended Exeter College, Oxford ending in 1816, Lyell encountered geology as a serious profession under the wing of the naturalist William Buckland . [43], Quite strong remarks: no doubt Darwin resented Lyell's repeated suggestion that he owed a lot to Lamarck, whom he (Darwin) had always specifically rejected. British geologist, the eldest son of Charles Lyell of Kinnordy, Forfarshire, and born on the 14th of November 1797, on the family estate in Scotland. He died, possibly from an overdose, in November 1852. He drew his explanations from field studies conducted directly before he went to work on the founding geology text. He encouraged Darwin to publish, and following the 1859 publication of On the Origin of Species, Lyell finally offered a tepid endorsement of evolution in the tenth edition of Principles. He is buried in Westminster Abbey. Accessed from here on 20 December 2016. Childhood & Early Life He was born on November 17, 1797 to Charles Lyell, the son of a wealthy gentleman who inherited a large estate in Scotland. He corresponded frequently with Lyell, discussing geology and fossil finds. Lyell also gave influential explanations of earthquakes and developed the theory of gradual "backed up-building" of volcanoes. 2, 1833)[8] Lyell proposed that icebergs could be the means of transport for erratics. :[29], He struggled with the implications for human dignity, and later in 1827 wrote private notes on Lamarck's ideas. He came from a prosperous family, worked briefly as a lawyer in the 1820s, and held the post of Professor of Geology at King's College London in the 1830s. Round the house, in the strath, is good farmland, but within a short distance to the north-west, on the other side of the fault, are the Grampian Mountains in the Highlands. He continued to be a close personal friend, and Lyell was one of the first scientists to support On the Origin of Species, though he did not subscribe to all its contents. Change ), You are commenting using your Twitter account. The second volume dismissed Lamarck's claims of animal forms arising from habits, continuous spontaneous generation of new life, and man having evolved from lower forms. British geologist, the eldest son of Charles Lyell of Kinnordy, Forfarshire, and born on the 14th of November 1797, on the family estate in Scotland. Charles Lyell, 3rd Baron Lyell. Lyell's wife died in 1873, and two years later (in 1875) Lyell himself died as he was revising the twelfth edition of Principles. . Change ). The new couple spent their honeymoon in Switzerland and Italy on a geological tour of the area.[8]. Education: Schools at Ringwood, Salisbury and Midhurst. Lyell's grandfather, also Charles Lyell, had made the family fortune supplying the Royal Navy at Montrose, enabling him to buy Kinnordy House. An accomplished botanist, it was he who first exposed his son to the study of nature. Lyell explicitly rejected Lamarck's concept of transmutation of species, drawing on Cuvier's arguments, and concluded that species had been created with stable attributes. [Plate 6] C HARLES LYELL was born on I4 November, I797, at Kinnordy, the family estate in … Like his son he also corresponded with noted naturalists such as the botanist William Jackson Hooker (father of Joseph Dalton Hooker) and James Sowerby. "[18] Geological remains from the distant past can, and should, be explained by reference to geological processes now in operation and thus directly observable. He moved to his family’s estate in Kirriemuir, Angus before the war where he was a county councillor. Charles Lyell was born in 1767, to Charles Lyell and Mary Lyell (born Beale). Charles Lyell, 3rd Baron Lyell, DL (27 March 1939 – 11 January 2017) was a British politician and Conservative member of the House of Lords . British geologist and author of Principles of Geology, which popularized the concept of uniformitarianism. It sold well, and it "shattered the tacit agreement that mankind should be the sole preserve of theologians and historians". [4] He was a close friend of Charles Darwin, and contributed significantly to Darwin's thinking on the processes involved in evolution. After he died it was suggested that he be buried in Westminster Abbey near Darwin, however his widow declined and instead followed her husband’s wishes to be buried next to his father. […] Researching this led me to finding all about the Sowerby family as well as some of Lyell’s other friends and family. [10], Lyell was knighted (Kt) in 1848,[11] and later, in 1864, made a baronet (Bt),[12] which is an hereditary honour. He later published evidence from geology of the time man had existed on Earth. The Life of Charles Lyell When Charles Lyell Campbell was born on 25 February 1914, in Groom, Carson, Texas, United States, his father, Charles Leslie Campbell, was 27 and his mother, Bertha Myrtle Gravitt, was 24. On the return of the Beagle (October 1836) Lyell invited Darwin to dinner and from then on they were close friends. There were 10 kids in the family and he was the eldest one. "[23] The two terms, uniformitarianism and catastrophism, were both coined by William Whewell;[24] in 1866 R. Grove suggested the simpler term continuity for Lyell's view, but the old terms persisted. Lyell's father, also named Charles Lyell, was noted as a translator and scholar of Dante. [15][16] Lyell used each edition to incorporate additional material, rearrange existing material, and revisit old conclusions in light of new evidence. Charles Darwin was born in Shrewsbury on February 12, 1809. Neurotree: academic genealogy for researcher Adding trainee for Charles Lyell Type a name and select match from the drop-down list. [46] But when Lyell wrote that it remained a profound mystery how the huge gulf between man and beast could be bridged, Darwin wrote "Oh!" [33] Lyell replied: "In regard to the origination of new species, I am very glad to find that you think it probable that it may be carried on through the intervention of intermediate causes. After a horrible carriage accident left Mantell crippled he started taking opium as a painkiller. "[29] Lyell inaccurately portrayed Lamarckism as a response to the fossil record, and said it was falsified by a lack of progress. During his medical career he attended to more than 50 patients a day, and delivered over 200 babies a year. Charles Lyell Birthdate: estimated between 1735 and 1795 Death: Immediate Family: Father of Sir Charles Lyell, 1st bart., FRS and Lieutenant-Colonel Henry Lyell … [44][45], In other respects Antiquity was a success. The sole exception was the advent of humanity, with no great physical distinction from animals, but with absolutely unique intellectual and moral qualities. The book was widely regarded as a disappointment because of Lyell's equivocal treatment of evolution. He was a founder of geographical botany (phytogeography), which looks at the geographic distribution of plant species and their influence on the earth’s surface. He graduated with a BA Hons. Mary Horner was Charles Lyell’s wife. About Sir Charles Lyell Sir Charles Lyell (1797-1875) was one of the greatest public figures in science in an age of remarkable thinkers whose geological breakthroughs paved the way for the work of a whole new generation of scientists and philosophers, including Charles Darwin’s and his theories of human evolution. In his own observations on rock and faunal successions, Lyell… Gideon Mantell is renowned for his work on Iguanodon, reconstructing its structure and life habits. Lyell's father, also named Charles Lyell, was noted as a translator and scholar of Dante. All three went through multiple editions during his lifetime, although many of his friends (such as Darwin) thought the first edition of the Principles was the best written. ( Log Out / Lyell and Hooker were instrumental in arranging the peaceful co-publication of the theory of natural selection by Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace in 1858: each had arrived at the theory independently. [6] The systematic, factual description of geological formations of different ages contained in Principles grew so unwieldy, however, that Lyell split it off as the Elements in 1838. Charles married Frances Lyell (born Smith) on month day 1796, at age 29. Lyells gleichnamiger Vater, der Botaniker Charles Lyell, sorgte dafür, dass sein Sohn sich frühzeitig mit Naturwissenschaften auseinandersetzte. Throughout his life, Lyell kept a remarkable series of nearly three hundred manuscript notebooks and diaries. [32], The leading man of science Sir John Herschel wrote from Cape Town on 20 February 1836, thanking Lyell for sending a copy of Principles and praising the book as opening a way for bold speculation on "that mystery of mysteries, the replacement of extinct species by others" – by analogy with other intermediate causes, "the origination of fresh species, could it ever come under our cognizance, would be found to be a natural in contradistinction to a miraculous process". [1] The combination of evidence and eloquence in Principles convinced a wide range of readers of the significance of "deep time" for understanding the Earth and environment. Learn how your comment data is processed. He discussed the geographical distribution of plants and animals, and proposed that every species of plant or animal was descended from a pair or individual, originated in response to differing external conditions. [36], By the time Darwin returned from the Beagle survey expedition in 1836, he had begun to doubt Lyell's ideas about the permanence of species. Accessed from here on 20 December 2016. In Southwest Nelson in the South Island of New Zealand, the Lyell Range, Lyell River and the gold mining town of Lyell (now only a camping site) were all named after Lyell. [13] The jawless fish Cephalaspis lyelli, from the Old Red Sandstone of southern Scotland, was named by Louis Agassiz in honour of Lyell.[14]. First published in three volumes in 1830–33, it established Lyell's credentials as an important geological theorist and propounded the doctrine of uniformitarianism. If no match exists, you will be prompted to add a new person to the tree. 3, ch. This was in contrast to catastrophism, an idea of abrupt geological changes, which had been adapted in England to explain landscape features—such as rivers much smaller than their associated valleys—that seemed impossible to explain other than through violent action. He was Charles Darwin’s closest friend. Charles Lyell, another Scottish geologist, was a principal proponent of Hutton’s approach, emphasizing gradual change by means of known geologic processes. In 1832, Lyell married Mary Horner in Bonn, daughter of Leonard Horner (1785–1864), also associated with the Geological Society of London. He grew up in the New Forest in Hampshire where, encouraged by his father, he developed a keen interest in natural history. Family Background: Charles Lyell was the eldest of son of ten children of a Scottish botanist Father, Charles Lyell of Kinnordy and an English Mother. So, in endorsing surveys, as well as advancing the study of geology, Lyell helped to forward the business of modern extractive industries, such as the coal and oil industry. She, like him, was a conchologist and geologist, and she made major contributions to her husband’s work. Building on the innovative work of James Hutton and his follower John Playfair, Lyell favoured an indefinitely long age for the Earth, despite evidence suggesting an old but finite age. Charles Lyell was born on November 14, 1797, in the Grampian Mountains near Forfarshire, Scotland. Sir Charles Lyell, 1st Baronet, FRS (14 November 1797 – 22 February 1875) was a Scottish geologist who demonstrated the power of known natural causes in explaining Earth's history. I have always loved how some of Lyell’s fossils show predator/prey relationships and so […]. These were essential to the development of his ideas, and provide a unique record of his travels, conversations, correspondence, reading and field observations. Lyell was a key figure in establishing the classification of more recent geological deposits, long known as the Tertiary period. Lyell entered Exeter College, Oxford, in 1816, and attended William Buckland's geological lectures. Change ), You are commenting using your Google account. (I 797-I 875) By SIR EDWARD BAILEY, F.R.S. Although Lyell rejected evolution at the time of writing the Principles,[40] after the Darwin–Wallace papers and the Origin Lyell wrote in one of his notebooks on 3 May 1860: Lyell's acceptance of natural selection, Darwin's proposed mechanism for evolution, was equivocal, and came in the tenth edition of Principles. Born to a wealthy gentry family in Scotland in 1797, Lyell had a classical and legal education but by the 1820s had become entranced by the popular and exciting subject of geology. His father (1767-1849) was known both as a botanist and as the translator of the Vita Nuova and the Convito of Dante: the plant Lyellia was named after him. I2I CHARLES LYELL, F.R.S. Gideon Mantell. [7][42] The Antiquity of Man (published in early February 1863, just before Huxley's Man's place in nature) drew these comments from Darwin to Huxley: "I am fearfully disappointed at Lyell's excessive caution" and "The book is a mere 'digest'". Charles Darwin. Change ), You are commenting using your Facebook account. Lyell's work on volcanoes focused largely on Vesuvius and Etna, both of which he had earlier studied. In various revised editions (12 in all, through 1872), Principles of Geology was the most influential geological work in the middle of the 19th century, and did much to put geology on a modern footing. He incorrectly conjectured that icebergs may be the impetus behind the transport of glacial erratics, and that silty loess deposits might have settled out of flood waters. licence to embattle his house here. He was the eldest of ten children. second class degree in classics, in December 1819, and gained his M.A. His family's second country home was in a completely different geological and ecological area: he spent much of his childhood at Bartley Lodge in the New Forest, in Hampshire in southern England. "[5] Lyell helped to arrange the simultaneous publication in 1858 of papers by Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace on natural selection, despite his personal religious qualms about the theory. LYELL, SIR CHARLES (1797-1875), British geologist, was the eldest son of Charles Lyell of Kinnordy, Forfarshire, and was born on the 14th of November 1797, on the family estate in Scotland. Mount Lyell, the highest peak in Yosemite National Park, is named after him; the crater Lyell on the Moon and a crater on Mars were named in his honour; Mount Lyell in western Tasmania, Australia, located in a profitable mining area, bears Lyell's name; and the Lyell Range in north-west Western Australia is named after him as well. Lyell was also a friend of Darwin's closest colleagues, Hooker and Huxley, but unlike them he struggled to square his religious beliefs with evolution. Lyell's father, also named Charles Lyell, was noted as a translator and scholar of Dante. Whewell subsequently questioned this topic, and in March 1837 Lyell told him:[19], As a result of his letters and, no doubt, personal conversations, Huxley and Haeckel were convinced that, at the time he wrote Principles, he believed new species had arisen by natural methods. ( Log Out / Charles Lyell, the eldest son of Charles Lyell, was born at Kinnordy, Forfar, the family estate, on Nov. 14, 1797. Lyell was born into a wealthy family, on 14 November 1797, at the family's estate house, Kinnordy House, near Kirriemuir in Forfarshire. He was the eldest of ten children. The surname Lyell was first found in Oxfordshire at Shirburn, a parish, in the union of Thame, hundred of Pirton. His conclusions supported gradual building of volcanoes, so-called "backed up-building",[6] as opposed to the upheaval argument supported by other geologists. He was said to have great taste in literature and even published a translation of The Canzoniere of Dante. Lyell's wife died in 1873, and two years later (in 1875) Lyell himself died as he was revising the twelfth edition of Principles. The central argument in Principles was that the present is the key to the past – a concept of the Scottish Enlightenment which David Hume had stated as "all inferences from experience suppose ... that the future will resemble the past", and James Hutton had described when he wrote in 1788 that "from what has actually been, we have data for concluding with regard to that which is to happen thereafter. Accessed from here on 20 December 2016. His studies focussed on mosses with several species of these plants being named after him. During the 1840s, Lyell travelled to the United States and Canada, and wrote two popular travel-and-geology books: Travels in North America (1845) and A Second Visit to the United States (1849). She, like him, was a conchologist and geologist, and she made major contributions to her husband’s work. The family seat is located in Strathmore, near the Highland Boundary Fault. Darwin's daughter Henrietta (Etty) wrote to her father: "Is it fair that Lyell always calls your theory a modification of Lamarck's?" Charles spent much of his childhood at the family’s other home, Bartley Lodge in the New Forest, England, where his interest in the natural world was sparked. Lord Lyell was the son of Charles Lyell, 2nd Baron Lyell and Sophie Mary Trafford (1916–2012). Enter your email address in the box below and click the button to receive our latest posts. One of the contributions that Lyell made in Principles was to explain the cause of earthquakes. For a list of supporters see link below. From 1830 onward his books provided both income and fame. In 1839, Lyell termed the Pleistocene epoch, distinguishing a more recent fossil layer from the Pliocene. However, as discussed below, many of his letters show he was fairly open to the idea of evolution. Before the work of Lyell, phenomena such as earthquakes were understood by the destruction that they brought. Hooker about Lyell’s death, Darwin states they “have both lost as good & as true a friend as ever lived”. "[34] In 1816, Charles went to Oxford University to study classics but also attended geology lectures by William Buckland. Principles of Geology, Lyell's first book, was also his most famous, most influential, and most important. Joseph Dalton Hooker, friend of both Lyell and Darwin, was one of the finest 19th century British botanists and explorers. In 1821 he attended Robert Jameson's lectures in Edinburgh, and visited Gideon Mantell at Lewes, in Sussex. Furthermore, Lyell believed that the accumulation of fine angular particles covering much of the world (today called loess) was a deposit settled from mountain flood water. Lyell was born into a wealthy family, on 14 November 1797, at the family's estate house, Kinnordy House, near Kirriemuir in Forfarshire. Darwin requests that Lyell send him news about himself and his wife, as well as asking Lyell for his wife’s opinions to discover what she would find least troublesome. Captain Fitzroy of the HMS Beagle gave Darwin the first volume of Lyell’s Principles of Geology, a work that heavily influenced him. In a letter to J.D. In recent years Lyell's subdivisions have been widely discussed in relation to debates about the Anthropocene. [6][8][26] In these areas he concluded that the recent strata (rock layers) could be categorised according to the number and proportion of marine shells encased within. During his early childhood, the family moved to Lyndhurst, Hampshire, where he received his early education. First published in 1863, it went through three editions that year, with a fourth and final edition appearing in 1873. Charles Lyell was born in 1797 at Kinnordy House in Forfarshire (now Angus) into a wealthy family. Lyell’s correspondence includes letters between Lyell family members from as early as 1806 (when Charles Lyell was only 9 years old), as well as over 640 letters received by Charles Lyell between 1829 and 1874. [6][7] After graduation he took up law as a profession, entering Lincoln's Inn in 1820. In November 1827, after William Broderip found a Middle Jurassic fossil of the early mammal Didelphis, Lyell told his father that "There was everything but man even as far back as the Oolite. Facts about Charles Lyell 7: the date and place of birth Lyell was born in Scotland on 14 November 1797. Lyell saw himself as "the spiritual saviour of geology, freeing the science from the old dispensation of Moses. 1821. Sedgwick wrote worried letters to him about this. When Charles was only two years old, his parents relocated to Southampton, England near where his mother's family lived. They were partners in science, with Mary accompanying Charles on field trips. She assisted him by sketching geological drawings, and cataloguing their collections. [8][9] He is buried in Westminster Abbey where there is a bust to him by William Theed in the north aisle. It is impossible to read their letters and not know they are friends. Joseph Dalton Hooker. The book went through six editions, eventually growing to two volumes and ceasing to be the inexpensive, portable handbook that Lyell had originally envisioned. From May 1828, until February 1829, he travelled with Roderick Impey Murchison (1792–1871) to the south of France (Auvergne volcanic district) and to Italy. Sir Charles Lyell was the most famous lawyer and geologist of his time. When the iceberg melts, it rains down sediments upon the land. Lyell's views on gradual change and the power of a long time scale were important because Darwin thought that populations of an organism changed very slowly. An accomplished botanist, it was he who first exposed his son to the study of nature. Lyell rejected Lamarck's idea of organic evolution, proposing instead "Centres of Creation" to explain diversity and territory of species. [7] His first paper, "On a recent formation of freshwater limestone in Forfarshire", was presented in 1822. [7] He was, along with the earlier John Playfair, the major advocate of James Hutton's idea of uniformitarianism, that the earth was shaped entirely by slow-moving forces still in operation today, acting over a very long period of time.
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