Han var en förgrundsfigur i Indiens självständighetssträvanden från Brittiska imperiet. Mahatma ”stor ande” Gandhi föddes år 1869 i Indien.Familjen Gandhi var hinduer av medelklassen som tillhörde köpmankasten. He wrote to Lord Irwin, again telling him of his plans. ", "The Salt Satyagraha in the meantime grew almost spontaneously into a mass satyagraha. In two or three minutes the ground was quilted with bodies. I regard this tax to be the most iniquitous of all from the poor man's standpoint. Unlike his suspension of satyagraha after violence broke out during the Non-co-operation movement, this time Gandhi was "unmoved". After their arrests, the march continued under the leadership of Sarojini Naidu, a woman poet and freedom fighter, who warned the satyagrahis, "You must not use any violence under any circumstances. [66], In Peshawar, satyagraha was led by a Muslim Pashtun disciple of Gandhi, Ghaffar Khan, who had trained 50,000 nonviolent activists called Khudai Khidmatgar. Besonders berühmt wurde der "Salzmarsch". Han mördades 1948 av en hinduisk fanatiker. 5 1 1. '"[72] The growing number of women in the fight for sovereignty and self-rule was a "new and serious feature" according to Lord Irwin. At the finale in Dandi, the prime minister of India, Dr Manmohan Singh, greeted the marchers and promised to build an appropriate monument at Dandi to commemorate the marchers and the historical event. "[17], The British establishment too was not disturbed by these plans of resistance against the salt tax. Mahatma Gandhi mit seinen Anhängern Quelle: dpa. Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi (gudžaratiksi મોહનદાસ કરમચંદ ગાંધી, IAST: mohandās karamcand gāndhī, 2. lokakuuta 1869 Porbandar, Intia – 30. tammikuuta 1948 New Delhi, Intia), tavallisesti kutsuttu nimellä Mahatma Gandhi oli Intian itsenäisyysliikkeen johtaja. Der Salzmarsch war die spektakulärste Kampagne, die Gandhi während seines Kampfes um Unabhängigkeit initiierte. Mahatma Gandhi’s first protest movement was in support of the indigo cultivators in Champaran, Bihar in 1917, then in Kheda in Gujarat in 1918. Foreign journalists and three Bombay cinema companies shooting newsreel footage turned Gandhi into a household name in Europe and America (at the end of 1930, Time magazine made him "Man of the Year"). However, Gandhi had sound reasons for his decision. ", "Correspondence came under censorship, the Congress and its associate organizations were declared illegal, and their funds made subject to seizure. Schon vor 2000 Jahren, so hielt ein Mann in Lausanne Mahatma Gandhi vor, habe Jesus die Gewaltfreiheit gepredigt. Expectations were heightened by his repeated statements anticipating arrest, and his increasingly dramatic language as the hour approached: "We are entering upon a life and death struggle, a holy war; we are performing an all-embracing sacrifice in which we wish to offer ourselves as oblation. The salt satyagraha would begin on 12 March and end in Dandi with Gandhi breaking the Salt Act on 6 April. [47] At Aslali, and the other villages that the march passed through, volunteers collected donations, registered new satyagrahis, and received resignations from village officials who chose to end co-operation with British rule. The whole concept of Satyagraha (Satya is truth which equals love, and agraha is force; Satyagraha, therefore, means truth force or love force) was profoundly significant to me. Gandhi startete mit 78 Begleitern. [12], The Congress Working Committee gave Gandhi the responsibility for organising the first act of civil disobedience, with Congress itself ready to take charge after Gandhi's expected arrest. [52] Near the end of the march, Gandhi declared, "I want world sympathy in this battle of right against might."[53]. Am 5. As I read I became deeply fascinated by his campaigns of nonviolent resistance. Namatay: 30 Enero 1948 (sa edad na 78) Bagong Delhi, Unyon ng India. Höhepunkt des zivilen Ungehorsams ist der "Salzmarsch" am 12. Duerch d'Verduebelung vun der Salzsteier si virun allem Bauere vum Subkontinent immens getraff ginn. Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi Sindhi: 2 October 1869 – 30 January 1948) was a leader of nationalism in British-ruled India.He is more commonly called Mahatma Gandhi; mahatma is an honorific meaning "great-soul" or "venerable" in Sanskrit.He was first called this in 1914 in South Africa. The Salt Satyagraha campaign was based upon Gandhi's principles of non-violent protest called satyagraha, which he loosely translated as "truth-force". [85] However, even though British authorities were again in control by the mid-1930s, Indian, British, and world opinion increasingly began to recognise the legitimacy of claims by Gandhi and the Congress Party for sovereignty and self-rule. Explaining his choice, Gandhi said, "Next to air and water, salt is perhaps the greatest necessity of life." It was a remarkable transformation and the Congress, under Gandhi's leadership, must have the credit for it.[89]. "[64], During the first phase of the civil disobedience movement from 1929 to 1931 there was a Labour government in power in Britain. He also reasoned that it would build unity between Hindus and Muslims by fighting a wrong that touched them equally. Related Images: gandhi india mahatma gandhiji ghandi indian money statue rupees. "Nehru, who had been skeptical about salt as the primary focus of the campaign, realized how wrong he was ...", "Gandhi's ideas about satyagraha and swaraj, moreover, galvanised the thinking of Congress cadres, most of whom by 1930 were committed to pursuing sovereignty and self-rule by nonviolent means. März 1930. Hinzu kam, dass sie das gewonnene Salz nicht nur für private Zwecke benutzten, sondern es auch steuerfrei weiterverkauften. März 1930, startete Gandhi den Marsch, um sich gegen die "Salzsteuer" der Engländer zu wehren. Mahatma Gandhi Portrait. Diese Aktion sollte den zivilen Ungehorsam beflügeln und ein Zeichen gegen die Abhängigkeit von zu hohen Steuern durch Großbritannien setzen. ist es, was den Salzmarsch des Mahatma Gandhi zur historischen Tat gemacht hat. Vinay Lal October 01, 2019 17:50 IST Updated: October 01, 2019 22:01 IST Vinay Lal October 01, 2019 17:50 IST For that reason, he recruited the marchers not from Congress Party members, but from the residents of his own ashram, who were trained in Gandhi's strict standards of discipline. He was not awarded on those five occasions. März 1930 hatte sich Mahatma Gandhi mit einer Schar von Mitstreitern aus seinem Ashram auf den rund 200 Meilen langen Weg zum Meer gemacht. His efforts earned him the title Mahatma. "Just a grain of salt? [10] It gained worldwide attention which gave impetus to the Indian independence movement and started the nationwide Civil Disobedience movement which continued until 1934. Salzmarschs beginnt der Führer der indischen Unabhängigkeitsbewegung, Mahatma Gandhi, am Golf Cambay mit der Salzgewinnung. Insgesamt doch wohl eher erfolglos, angesichts des Urteils der Geschichte. Dort sammelte er Salz am Meer, und verstieß so gegen das britische Monopol auf Salz in Indien. Als er nach 24 Tagen dort ankam, hob er einige Körner Salz auf. Gandhi gave interviews and wrote articles along the way. Mahatma Gandhi menjadi tokoh terkemuka dalam perjuangan India melawan Inggris. [20] Salt was sold illegally all over the coast of India. The Salt Satyagraha did not produce immediate progress toward dominion status or self-rule for India, did not elicit major policy concessions from the British,[83] or attract much Muslim support. Gandhi var en indisk advokat, politiker och andlig ledare. We believe therefore, that India must sever the British connection and attain Purna Swaraji or complete sovereignty and self-rule. After making illegal salt there, he too was arrested by the British. Sie marschierten gemeinsam über 200 … 1930 rief Gandhi zu einer erneuten Kampagne des zivilen Ungehorsams auf. PMID: 29015340 PMCID: PMC5200504 No … Hänet tunnetaan väkivallattoman vastarinnan satyagrahan kehittäjänä. In his words: Truth (satya) implies love, and firmness (agraha) engenders and therefore serves as a synonym for force. Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi. [35] The 24-day march would pass through 4 districts and 48 villages. : Symbolic construction during the Indian nationalist movement,", Masselos, Jim. Salz war zu dëser KOMPAS.com - Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi dikenal sebagai Mahatma Gandhi.Mahatma berarti memiliki jiwa besar. Diese Aktion sollte den zivilen Ungehorsam beflügeln und ein Zeichen … The Congress Party planned to stage a satyagraha at the Dharasana Salt Works, 25 mi (40 km) south of Dandi. [9], To commemorate the Great Salt March, the Mahatma Gandhi Foundation re-enacted the Salt March on its 75th anniversary, in its exact historical schedule and route followed by the Mahatma and his band of 78 marchers. Gandhi started this mar… Diese Aktion sollte den zivilen Ungehorsam beflügeln und ein Zeichen gegen die Abhängigkeit von zu hohen Steuern durch Großbritannien setzen. Mit dieser Aktion protestierte Gandhi im Jahr 1930 gegen ein Gesetz, das den Indern verbot, Salz zu gewinnen. På den tiden tillhörde Indien det brittiska imperiet. Mahatma Gandhi Quotes: Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi commonly known as Mahatma Gandhi, Bapu and Gandhiji were one of the most prominent leaders of the Indian Independence movement.Born 2 October 1869 in a Hindu Merchant caste family in Gujarat. At midnight on 31 December 1929, the Indian National Congress raised the tricolour flag of India on the banks of the Ravi at Lahore. It was the first act of organized opposition to British rule after en:Purna Swaraj, the declaration of independence by the Indian National Congress. Behind him is his second son Manilal Gandhi and Mithuben Petit. Gandhi [gaʹndi], Mohandas Karamchand, född 2 oktober 1869, död 30 januari 1948, indisk politiker och andlig ledare, ofta kallad ”mahatma” (stor ande). The 1882 Salt Act gave the British a monopoly on the collection and manufacture of salt, limiting its handling to government salt depots and levying a salt tax. Ob Gandhi nicht enttäuscht sei, diesen selben Rat Jesu einfach zu wiederholen, wollte der Schweizer von dem prominenten Inder wissen. D er indische Freiheitskämpfer Mahatma Gandhi bricht am 12. The Indian National Congress, led by Gandhi and Jawaharlal Nehru, publicly issued the Declaration of sovereignty and self-rule, or Purna Swaraj, on 26 January 1930. He said that "a bonfire should be made of foreign cloth. Rupees Bank Note India. 70 63 13. Und doch sind an Ende alle frei. Mahatma Gandhi föddes den 2 oktober år 1869 i Porbandar i Gujara, Indien, och mördades den 30 januari 1948 i New Dehli, Indien. [11] (Literally in Sanskrit, purna, "complete," swa, "self," raj, "rule," so therefore "complete self-rule".) Mohandas 'Mahatma' Gandhi Gandhi in 1931 during a visit to London©. Why some Indians want to build a statue of Mahatma Gandhi’s killer. [90][91], Series of commemorative stamps were issued in 1980 and 2005, on the 50th and 75th anniversaries of the Dandi March.[92]. A crowd of Khudai Khidmatgar gathered in Peshawar's Qissa Kahani (Storytellers) Bazaar. Unpopular forest laws were defied in the Maharashtra, Karnataka and Central Provinces. He was assassinated in 1948, shortly after achieving his life goal of Indian independence. Hans arv är olikt alla andras. Zum Abschluss des 24-tägigen sog. [16][17] The Statesman, a prominent newspaper, wrote about the choice: "It is difficult not to laugh, and we imagine that will be the mood of most thinking Indians. [71] Usha Mehta, an early Gandhian activist, remarked that "Even our old aunts and great-aunts and grandmothers used to bring pitchers of salt water to their houses and manufacture illegal salt. Alltid bra priser, fri frakt från 229 kr och snabb leverans. "[17], Gandhi had a long-standing commitment to nonviolent civil disobedience, which he termed satyagraha, as the basis for achieving Indian sovereignty and self-rule. [13][38] His strongest appeal to Irwin regarded the salt tax: If my letter makes no appeal to your heart, on the eleventh day of this month I shall proceed with such co-workers of the Ashram as I can take, to disregard the provisions of the Salt Laws. Jahrhunderts Seit wann werden Helden ihren Anforderungen eigentlich gerecht? He implored his thousands of followers to likewise begin making salt along the seashore, "wherever it is convenient" and to instruct villagers in making illegal, but necessary, salt. Der Salzmarsch oder die Salz-Satyagraha von 1930 war eine Kampagne Mahatma Gandhis, die das Salzmonopol der Briten brechen sollte und letztlich zur Unabhängigkeit Indiens von Großbritannien führte. 12 10 6. Collected Works of Mahatma Gandhi: Volumes 1 to 98 Below volumes form the revised - erroneous - version of the CWMG as published on the CD-Rom "Mahatma Gandhi - Interactive Multimedia - Electronic Book" in 1999. Gandhi brachte die Inder dazu, sich gegen die Ausbeutung durch die Briten zu wehren. His first significant attempt in India at leading mass satyagraha was the non-cooperation movement from 1920 to 1922. Since he was pioneer of Satyagraha, he also inspired all Indians to understand and learn resistance through non-violent civil disobedience. [26] The Bardoli Satyagraha in 1928 was much more successful. April 2011. In contrast to the other leaders, the prominent Congress statesman and future Governor-General of India, C. Rajagopalachari, understood Gandhi's viewpoint. Si Mahatma Gandhi noong 1942. [54][55], The following morning, after a prayer, Gandhi raised a lump of salty mud and declared, "With this, I am shaking the foundations of the British Empire. This call to arms was perhaps the most remarkable call to war that has ever been made."[42][43]. The waiting crowd of watchers groaned and sucked in their breaths in sympathetic pain at every blow. The event was known as the "International Walk for Justice and Freedom". When they reached the railhead at Dandi, more than 50,000 were gathered. Mahatma means “great soul.” Calcutta. Der Salzmarsch war die spektakulärste Kampagne, die Gandhi während seines Kampfes um Unabhängigkeit initiierte. Besonders berühmt wurde der "Salzmarsch". Der Salzmarsch oder die Salz-Satyagraha von 1930 war eine Kampagne Mahatma Gandhis, die das Salzmonopol der Briten brechen sollte und letztlich zur Unabhängigkeit Indiens von Großbritannien führte. [73], Gandhi himself avoided further active involvement after the march, though he stayed in close contact with the developments throughout India. He decided that Indians were not yet ready for successful nonviolent resistance. I have also called it Love-force or Soul-force." Even though it succeeded in raising millions of Indians in protest against the British-created Rowlatt Act, violence broke out at Chauri Chaura, where a mob killed 22 unarmed policemen. An item of daily use could resonate more with all classes of citizens than an abstract demand for greater political rights. Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi föddes 1869 i den lilla staden Porbandar i västra Indien. Mahatma Gandhi – fredsapostel på blodbestänkt väg. März 1930 zum "Salzmarsch“ ans Arabische Meer auf. Gewaltloser Widerstand gerann zu Geschichte, die trotz vieler Opfer letztlich in die Befreiung der Inder von der britischen Kolonialmacht mündete. [citation needed], The participants halted at Dandi on the night of 5 April, with the commemoration ending on 7 April. The Salt Satyagraha was a campaign of nonviolent protest against the British salt tax in colonial India which began with the Salt March to Dandi on March 12, 1930. What started as a personal pilgrimage for Mahatma Gandhi's great-grandson Tushar Gandhi turned into an international event with 900 registered participants from nine nations and on a daily basis the numbers swelled to a couple of thousands. Dort lassen sie in ihren Händen Wasser verdunsten, bis nur das Salz zurückbleibt. [9] The march was the most significant organised challenge to British authority since the Non-cooperation movement of 1920–22, and directly followed the Purna Swaraj declaration of sovereignty and self-rule by the Indian National Congress on 26 January 1930. April 1930 Ein Mann bewegt die Massen. After he ignored the letter and refused to meet with Gandhi, the march was set in motion. I thus began to call the Indian movement Satyagraha, that is to say, the Force which is born of Truth and Love or nonviolence, and gave up the use of the phrase "passive resistance", in connection with it, so much so that even in English writing we often avoided it and used instead the word "satyagraha" ...[25]. Author B C Roy 1 Affiliation 1 Prime Minister, W. Bengal. Am Ende begleiteten ihn Tausende. Upon arriving at the seashore on 5 April, Gandhi was interviewed by an Associated Press reporter. The Dandi March and the ensuing Dharasana Satyagraha drew worldwide attention to the Indian independence movement through extensive newspaper and newsreel coverage. Der Salzmarsch oder die Salz-Satyagraha von 1930 war eine Kampagne Mahatma Gandhis, die das Salzmonopol der Briten brechen sollt .. Mahatma Gandhi was a prominent Indian political leader who was a leading figure in the campaign for Indian independence. 14.000-Kilometer-Marsch für Mahatma Gandhi startet. Gujarati peasants refused to pay tax, under threat of losing their crops and land. Hunderttausende folgen Gandhi und laufen gemeinsam fast 400 Kilometer weit zum Meer. Dabei zog Gandhi mit 78 seiner Anhänger ab dem 12. In Midnapore, Bengalis took part by refusing to pay the chowkidar tax. John Court Curry, a British police officer stationed in India, wrote in his memoirs that he felt nausea every time he dealt with Congress demonstrations in 1930. Those struck down fell sprawling, unconscious or writhing in pain with fractured skulls or broken shoulders. Each night they slept in the open. Reasons abound as to why the prize had eluded him for so long. Gandhis Salzmarsch. Mahatma Gandhi. [32], Gandhi prepared the worldwide media for the march by issuing regular statements from Sabarmati, at his regular prayer meetings and through direct contact with the press. Gandhi (2001), p. 6. Porbandar, Ahensiyang Kathiawar, Britanikong India. [61] British cloth and goods were boycotted. [48], As they entered each village, crowds greeted the marchers, beating drums and cymbals. They commenced savagely kicking the seated men in the abdomen and testicles. Swaraj lies on that route, and that alone is the cure ..."[28][29] Gandhi recruited heavily from the Bardoli Satyagraha participants for the Dandi march, which passed through many of the same villages that took part in the Bardoli protests. Am 5. [68] The Pashtun satyagrahis acted in accord with their training in nonviolence, willingly facing bullets as the troops fired on them. Es war ein einfallsreicher Protest gegen das Salzmonopol der britischen Kolonialmacht. Gandhi hebt am Ende des Salzmarsches Salz vom Strand auf, 5. Vor 80 Jahren beendete Mahatma Gandhi seinen "Salzmarsch". These men hailed from almost all parts of the country. Gandhi suspended the protest, against the opposition of other Congress members. When Gandhi broke the British Raj salt laws at 6:30 am on 6 April 1930, it sparked large scale acts of civil disobedience against the salt laws by millions of Indians. [71], "Sarojini Naidu was among the most visible leaders (male or female) of pre-independent India. Schools and colleges should become empty. Damit protestierte er symbolisch dagegen, dass nur Briten der Salzhand… Time declared Gandhi its 1930 Man of the Year, comparing Gandhi's march to the sea "to defy Britain's salt tax as some New Englanders once defied a British tea tax". Mahatma Gandhi is revered the world over as one of history’s most transformative and inspirational figures.Throughout his life in South Africa and India, Gandhi was a fearless campaigner for the rights and dignity of all people, whose constant and unwavering promotion of non-violence as a tool to win over hearts and minds has forever left its mark on the world. [49] The New York Times wrote almost daily about the Salt March, including two front-page articles on 6 and 7 April. The government was also complicit in a sustained attack on trade unionism in India,[65] an attack that Sumit Sarkar has described as "a massive capitalist and government counter-offensive" against workers' rights. "[20] He then boiled it in seawater, producing illegal salt. The British ordered troops of 2/18 battalion of Royal Garhwal Rifles to open fire with machine guns on the unarmed crowd, killing an estimated 200–250. Pacifist Mahatma Gandhi. Mai 1930, wurde Mahatma Gandhi, der Führer der indischen Unabhängigkeitsbewegung, verhaftet. Der indische Pazifist Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi gilt als einer der größten Freiheitskämpfer der Geschichte. März 1930 bracht Mahatma Gandhi von seinem Ashram Sabarmati bei Ahmadabad zum „Salzmarsch“ nach Dandi am Arabischen Meer auf. More than thirty years later, Satyagraha and the March to Dandi exercised a strong influence on American civil rights activist Martin Luther King Jr., and his fight for civil rights for blacks in the 1960s: Like most people, I had heard of Gandhi, but I had never studied him seriously. [2] Growing numbers of Indians joined them along the way. [62] The British responded with more laws, including censorship of correspondence and declaring the Congress and its associate organisations illegal. The declaration included the readiness to withhold taxes, and the statement: We believe that it is the inalienable right of the Indian people, as of any other people, to have freedom and to enjoy the fruits of their toil and have the necessities of life, so that they may have full opportunities of growth. Every day, more and more people joined the march, until the procession of marchers became at least 3 km long. Geschichtsträchtige Protestaktion: Gandhis Salzmarsch. [34], For the march itself, Gandhi wanted the strictest discipline and adherence to satyagraha and ahimsa. Er zog mit seinen Anhängern von seinem Ashram fast 400 km zum Arabischen Meer. Er wollte in 24 Tagen zum 200 Kilometer entferneten Arabischen Meer gehen. In India, he is known as ‘Father of […] [57][58], A memorial has been created inside the campus of IIT Bombay honouring these Satyagrahis who participated in the famous Dandi March. The Salt March to Dandi, and the beating by British police of hundreds of nonviolent protesters in Dharasana, which received worldwide news coverage, demonstrated the effective use of civil disobedience as a technique for fighting social and political injustice. Only after threatening to expose British censorship was his story allowed to pass. On 5 February, newspapers reported that Gandhi would begin civil disobedience by defying the salt laws. Die Briten belegten das Salz mit viel zu hohen Steuern und machten es für die indischen Bürger illegal selber Salz zu gewinnen oder zu verkaufen. The Viceroy himself, Lord Irwin, did not take the threat of a salt protest seriously, writing to London, "At present the prospect of a salt campaign does not keep me awake at night."[18]. [40] Gandhi remarked, "On bended knees I asked for bread and I have received stone instead. Ee Grond méi fir den indesche Friddenskämpfer Mahatma Gandhi um 12. [45][46] The first day's march of 21 km ended in the village of Aslali, where Gandhi spoke to a crowd of about 4,000. [50] To keep up their spirits, the marchers used to sing the Hindu bhajan Raghupati Raghava Raja Ram while walking. [49], Thousands of satyagrahis and leaders like Sarojini Naidu joined him. Dieser Artikel beschäftigt sich mit der Kampagne Mohandas Gandhis. Lebenslauf des Mahatma Gandhi Autor: Eva Stahl, 02/2001 • 2. Another reason for this march was that the Civil Disobedience Movement needed a strong inauguration that would inspire more people to follow Gandhi's example. Mäerz 1930 op de sougenannte „Salzmarsch“ opzebriechen. Mahatma Gandhi was nominated five times for the Nobel Peace Prize—in 1937, 1938, 1939, 1947, and 1948. [68], While Gandhi marched along India's west coast, his close associate C. Rajagopalachari, who would later become sovereign India's first Governor-General, organized the Vedaranyam salt march in parallel on the east coast. Curry and others in British government, including Wedgwood Benn, Secretary of State for India, preferred fighting violent rather than nonviolent opponents. Nonviolent protest left the British confused about whether or not to jail Gandhi. It succeeded in paralysing the British government and winning significant concessions. An American academic writing for The Nation reported that "60,000 persons gathered on the bank of the river to hear Gandhi's call to arms. He overcame those obstacles of racism but more obsatcles were to appear in his lifetime. Am 5. 13 18 2. Die Briten kontrollierten in Indien die Gewinnung von Salz und den Salzhandel. He employed non-violent principles and peaceful disobedience as a means to achieve his goal. Weit mehr als 50 000 Menschen gehen wegen ihm in den Knast, für lange Zeit; er selbst verbringt ca.
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