Search the world's information, including webpages, images, videos and more. According to a 2015-survey, car production in Iran will increase by 28% increase following the conclusion of the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action. Shop AH Ride & Pride Auto Group to find great deals on Cars listings. Today, Iran is the 20th largest automaker in the world and one of the largest in Asia, with annual production of more than 1.6 million. These projects research are mostly aimed at local market of Iran and its particular problems. In Germany, it was the Volkswagen Beetle. [10], In the 1960s, lacking the technical know-how and unable to produce its own automobiles, Iran invited western firms in order to start a domestic automobile industry. Although the design and engineering were originally done in Japan by Mazda, the car was licensed to Kia (it built the Festivas we got here), which then went into business with Saipa of Iran in 1993. Two companies account for the overwhelming majority of new-car sales in Iran: the Iran Khodro Company (IKCO) and Saipa. [10], In 2008 and 2009, Iranian government spent over 3 billion dollars on CNG infrastructure as part of its plan to convert its fuel policy from gasoline to CNG. Iran developed a significant automotive industry with annual production of up to 200,000 units under the Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi's regime. Iranian auto market in 2020 increases sales by 8.7% despite the pandemic affecting the world markets. Welcome to Ride in Pride Auto Sales where we offer affordable used vehicles for the best price in the Province! Buy or sell your car for free, compare car prices, plus reviews, news and pictures. As of 2015[update], Iran has 3,200 gas stations for 15 million automobiles. Visit Canada's largest auto classifieds site for new and used cars for sale. Iran had one of these cars, too, and it was called the Paykan. [58], Car imports have risen, from $184 million in 2002 to $1.5 billion in 2007. Rahmanian Group Company (R.G.C. 112.411. Saipa has $2.3 billion in debt, pocket change for a big American corporation but a serious threat for a relatively small, vulnerable company. Fortunately for them, Iran Khodro and Saipa have a fleet of home-brewed cars that bring new meaning to the phrase “warmed over.”. They were happy to report that it even meets the latest European emissions and pedestrian-safety requirements. But apparently Saipa was not content to have Saab-length model cycles. But after the Iranian Revolution of 1979 production drastically decreased due to Iran–Iraq War and international sanctions. But on closer inspection of the profile and door handles, the deception becomes clear: It’s a Peugeot 206—first introduced in 1998—with the newer 207’s nose grafted on. Aysegul Ciftci ,Ismet Bosna,Salih Gültekin ,Onur Tug [1][2][3][4], Iran developed a significant automotive industry with annual production of up to 200,000 units under the Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi's regime. Privatization Organization. JUSTIN BERKOWITZ. Iran’s other large automaker employs a similar strategy to IKCO’s—perhaps having the same owners has something to do with it—which, as you may have surmised, is to take one old, reliable design from abroad and rework it to kingdom come. However, these have tended to lag the prevailing rate of inflation, and given that raising petrol prices is politically difficult the provision of cheap fuel is likely to persist in the medium term, encouraging the purchase of vehicles. In 2009, researchers at Isfahan University of Technology developed a strong but light nanosteel as resistant to corrosion as stainless steel for use in road vehicles but also potentially in aircraft, solar panels and other products.[30][31][32]. Zarif made it abundantly clear that Persian pride would not permit him to continue negotiating with foreign diplomats if the circumstances seemed to suggest a lack of respect for Iran … 19320000. When George W. Bush first dubbed several countries the “Axis of Evil” in 2002, few knew what that truly meant for the future of U.S. foreign policy. Montreal Gazette offers information on latest national and international events & more. PSA covers 30% of the Iranian market,[60] while Renault's share is 5%. Iran’s automotive industry is the third most active industry of the country, after its oil and gas industry, accounting for 10% of Iran's GDP and 4% of the workforce. The industry consists of two primary sectors: Original Equipment Manufacturing (OEM) suppliers, which produce parts for auto makers, and After-Market Parts Manufacturers (AMPM), which produce replacement parts for vehicles. It is called the 141, and it remains in production today alongside its platformmates. One wears the Peugeot name and seems as modern as you can get. At AH Ride & Pride Auto Group, located in Akron, OH, we take pride in the way we do business. For Iran market,we produce and supply high quality auto spare parts include cylinder head gasket and gasket set for most cars,pick ups,tractors,buses,trucks there. [48] Most cars are produced in Iran under licence from foreign manufacturers and it depends on them for critical imports, ranging from pistons, cylinder heads, valves, starters, alternators, airbags to computer chips (incl. Every motorized country has an iconic car that enabled the great leap to widespread automotive ownership. As of 2001, there were 13 public and privately owned automakers in Iran, of which two—Iran Khodro and Saipa—accounted for 94% of the total domestic production. However, low prices have encouraged wasteful consumption and the smuggling of petrol into neighbouring countries such as Turkey, Pakistan and Afghanistan. (And a few weeks ago, and a few weeks from now, but you get the idea.) Pride of Iran is specialized in travel outside the main cities, uses mainly ecolodges (instead of hotels) and can integrate outdoor activities. Cd SAIPA 141. [41] Iran car exports reached $1 billion by March 2009. Sales: (866) 992-8923 Local: (250) 929-2003. Saipa has been hugely successful selling the Saba sedan and Nasim hatchback, both of which are rebadged and locally assembled Kia Prides. But what goes on behind the scenes of this highly complex government and its centrally planned economy is much harder to discern. Great shop. We may earn a commission for purchases made through our links. [4] The Iranian automotive parts industry consists of approximately 1200 companies (15,000 factories), which include those affiliated to vehicle manufacturers as well as independent firms. But Iran Khodro doesn’t want you to think it’s stuck in the past simply microwaving old Peugeot 405s. [citation needed] The nation's abundant oil reserves have enabled the government to keep prices low (Iran is the second-largest exporter in OPEC). In France, the Citroën 2CV. ), a major auto-parts distributor and trading company, was established in 1990. Recommended. We are automotive experts you can trust proudly serving the Cowichan Valley, Victoria, and Vancouver Island. Overview of the automotive industry in Iran, the government made loans up to $7120 available for purchase of domestic cars, International Rankings of Iran in Transportation, "Resources - Iran's Automotive Industry Overview", "بررسي سيستم هاي الكترونيكي خودرو - 1 - مرکز پژوهش های صنعت الکترونیک کشور", "Iran Ranks 5th in Car Production Growth", "Petrol World - Iran: Mobile App For Online Fuel Purchase Launch", "SAPCO: Iran Automotive Industry's Market Shares (September 2001)", "Iranian Automaker IKCO To Cooperate With Universities To Develop Platforms", "Iran-Khodro Starts Samand Assembly in Senegal", "Iran car exports projected to reach $1b by March", "Iran Sells 18% of Saipa Automaker for $1.6 Billion, Tehran Exchange Says", "Iran ranks 2nd in using gas-fueled cars", http://www.nitc.co.ir/iran-daily/1388/3437/html/economy.htm, "Iran invests $2.5b in stem cell research", "Iran hopes to resist sanctions by boosting production", "PressTV-Iran among top 20 auto producers", "Automotive Industry and Market of Iran 2007", "Motorcycles Account for 30% of Air Pollution in Tehran", http://www.iran-daily.com/1387/3317/html/economy.htm, Payvand:Iran car exports projected to reach $1b by March, "Iran Autos Report Q4 2008 Market Report, Industry Analysis and Market Trends - 02 October 2008", "Economics Will Decide the Fate of the Iran Deal", https://financialtribune.com/articles/auto/99053/iran-60m-deal-for-auto-localization, https://www.presstv.com/Detail/2020/12/9/640350/Iran-auto-industry-sanctions-cars-, "INIC - News - Nanotechnology Finds Application in Iran's Car Industry", "Iranian Auto-Makers in Iran Nano Festival", "Donald Trump va-t-il faire souffrir PSA et Renault en Iran ? Production continued in Iran until 2005, when it was phased out, not because of drooping sales, but because the Iranian government—yes, the same Iranian government that owns the company—felt it was too dangerous and inefficient to keep selling. Since the 1970s, Iran has been producing a number of different buses, such as German Mercedes and MAN as well as Swedish Scania and Volvo that it has exported throughout Asia. [54][55], In 2011, the Nanotechnology Initiative Council announced plans to export to Lebanon a series of ‘home-made’ nano-based engine oils manufactured by the Pishgaman–Nano-Aria Company (PNACO); these nano-based oils reduce engine erosion, fuel consumption and engine temperature. // Diego Piccini da Todi is a visual art and multimedia artist. Diego Piccini da Todi est un artiste en art visuel et multimédia. We may earn money from the links on this page. (There is even a red-herring model currently in production, the Peugeot ROA, which has a Peugeot 405 body on top of the ancient Paykan running gear.). [42] 2996 Church Way, Mill Bay, BC, V0R 2P2, Canada Facebook Instagram LinkedIn. They are in joint venture with companies such as Luxgen (Taiwan), BYD (China), Peugeot, Citroen (France), Volkswagen (Germany), Nissan (Japan), Toyota (Japan), Kia Motors (South Korea), Proton (Malaysia), Chery (China) and many other established producers of light and heavy vehicles such as Renault (France), BMW, Mercedes Benz (Germany), Daewoo and Hyundai (South Korea) have emerged since 1991. [9] Iran Khodro is one of the largest car manufacturers in Asia. There was also a glazed panel van version of the Jyane, as well as the Baby-Brousse, a rustic little buggy in the style of a Citroën Méhari but with a metal body. This is an all-indica strain with parents from the rugged terrain of Iran. Until recently, both were wholly owned by various investment offices within the Iranian government (that stake is now down to about 30 percent in each company). [56] Anhui Ankai Automobile (also of China) signed a deal in January 2008 with ARG-Diesel Iran to supply it with 600 buses, valued at €51.35m. Pride Auto lives up to it's name. Whatever superior name brand or Parts-master part or accessory you may need, we’ve got it. The Financial Times recently reported that sanctions are taking their toll on Iranian auto manufacturing, increasing costs by a significant 30 percent. 208.9804. (The United States, which does not subsidize and promote the fuel like other countries do, ranks 16th. Each month, qualified vehicle owners are allocated a specific number of subsidized liters of petrol (taxi's have a significantly higher allocation). The privatization process is moving slowly (2008). These make fine cars for average buyers but certainly wouldn’t cut it for the elite and wealthy. [19] In July 2010, the government sold a further 18% stake in both Iran Khodro and Saipa for about $2 billion in total, bringing down its participation in both companies to about 20%. In addition to this nanotechnology is being researched for introduction into production lines in order to improve the quality standards and customer satisfaction by offering anti-bacterial seats, anti-scratch paint, hydrophobic glass panes, maintenance-free air filters, anti-stain dashboards, nano-catalytic converters and nano-diamond containing lubricating oils. Black Mercedes S-classes are available for those privileged few, and indeed are popular among such people, but shoppers wishing for a domestic limo can consider the crown jewel of the rebadged-405 lineup, the Samand Sarir. With 63 hp under the hood, they’re not quick enough to outpace growing grass, but the power is sufficient for the basic transportation these cars provide. Less famous than its rugs, Iran's auto industry is a cornerstone of its economy. [43], Chery Automobile (China) in August 2007 entered into a US$370m joint venture with Iran Khodro, Iran to produce cars for West and South Asian markets. Since then, Iran has developed its domestic industry where it can design and assemble cars on its own, including a new car factory in Kashan. Licensed under CC-BY-SA IGO 3.0. It was developed for outdoor use in temperature climates. [18] Although carmakers are listed on the stock exchange, the government still owns about 40 percent of both companies. Production of Citroën… Bi SAIPA 132. As of 2016, Iran had no known R&D project in the important field of autonomous cars. [28][29] Car production in Iran has increased 445% between 1998 and 2008. [40], In 2007 Iran car exports stood at around $500 million. Solitac, a Canadian front company, is to hold the remaining 21% of the venture. Production would increasingly shift to Iran, where about 60 percent of the parts would be made. There are also some research being done on hybrid and electric vehicles for the future Iranian market. [1] In July 2013, sanctions imposed by the USA prevented Iranian companies from importing the vehicle parts upon which domestic cars rely; this caused Iran to cede its place to Turkey as the region’s top vehicle manufacturer. SAIPA’s most popular model is the entry-level Pride, based on a design from Korean automaker Kia. About 75% of local output is passenger cars, with pick-ups the next largest category, accounting for around 15%. In May 2014, Tasnim News Agency quoted Abdollah Pouri Hosseini, the head of the Iran Privatization Organization, as saying that Iran would be privatizing 186 state-run companies in the new year (beginning 21 March 2014 in Iran). [45] Over 39 countries purchase Iranian auto parts (2008). [57] Daewoo Bus Corp. and an Iranian automaker Ardebil Sabalan Khodrow-Maywan have teamed up to build buses in Iran. Since the early 2000s, automobile production in Iran has grown exponentially. Based on the agreement, the engines and gearboxes would be manufactured in South Korea. They’re not all vintage, though; the Peugeot 405 is the backbone of Iran Khodro’s lineup today, and myriad variations exist. Professional, fair &great customer service. [42] Overall production is expected to rise to 1.13 million units by 2012 ($200 million in exports expected by 2010) and 60,000 units exported by 2013. [34], More than half of the vehicles in Iran are over 10 years old (2009). [23][26][27], Sixty percent of passenger cars produced in 2008 will use natural gas as fuel or will be dual-fuel, and the remaining 40 percent will run on regular gasoline (2008). Although most Americans have forgotten the Peugeot 405 sedan, which exited the U.S. along with the brand in 1991, it’s more than a familiar site in Iran. [53], There are different ongoing R&D projects both at the governmental and private sectors. The Pride is the cheapest car made in Iran. According to Saipa’s research division, it’s based on a heavy evolution of the Kia Pride platform. In 2009 and ’10, it unveiled two new models, and for once they weren’t based on the old Peugeot 405. [51][52], Since 2020, Iranian manufacturers are also producing parts such as automotive immobilizers, electronic control units, oxygen sensors, electric seats, electric steering, six-speed automatic transmission, polymeric materials, modulators, injectors, airbags, multimedia, direct current (DC) motors, all types of electrical sensors and digital front amplifier. [49][50] The media has reported that the IRGC is cooperating with the auto industry ( including 32 domestic part makers) to remedy these deficiencies. Read latest breaking news, updates, and headlines. [5] In 2009 Iran ranked fifth in car production growth standing next to China, Taiwan, Romania and India. It gets a new engine—a 1.5-liter with about 80 hp—and fresh sheetmetal. To get around the import tax, many foreign automakers (including Mercedes, Peugeot, Kia, Nissan, and Mazda) have partnered with one of the Iranian manufacturers to send what are called complete knockdown kits so the cars are technically assembled in Iran. Some 80% of state-owned firms were due to be privatized over the ten years to 2014, further to an amendment to Article 44 of the Constitution in 2004. Motorcycles account for 30% of air pollution in Tehran. If we’re lucky, it’s all a smokescreen—a scheme by Iran’s auto industry to boost exports. [40] Domestically manufactured motorcycles conform to Euro 2 standard and they don't even use catalyst transducers while the world has now considered Euro 5 standard for motorcycles. There’s no way to politely package the fact that Iran is a political pariah at present, the target of UN sanctions for its ongoing nuclear-weapons program. [1], Iran with having a fleet of 7 million passenger cars, buses and trucks ranked the world’s 16th biggest automaker and one of the largest in Asia in 2006 with annual production above 1 million units and 1.3 million in 2009,[25] resulting in almost 1.5 percent of total world production of vehicles and 1 car per 10 person. Pride & Project Auto - Grimsby - phone number, website & address - ON - Car Repair & Service. We offer a large variety of new and used vehicles here at Pride Motorsports. It’s called the 207i, and it looks just like the Peugeot 207 presently sold around the world. Home; Cars For Sale . Pride Motorsports is a family owned Vancouver Island used cars and motorsports dealer located in Mill Bay, BC. This is all true—because it, too, is based on the Peugeot 206. [65], International sanctions, high inflation, exacerbated by fuel price hikes, and dampened consumer demand have depressed growth in the passenger car segment, but industrial growth coupled with infrastructural development is spurring demand in the commercial vehicles segment. In America, the Cadillac Escalade. Iran Khodro, which produced the most prevalent car brand in the country—the Peykan, which has been replaced in 2005 by the Samand—was still the larger with 61% of the market in 2001, while Saipa contributed 33% of Iran's total production in the same year. Those nebulous government investing agencies include, in large part, the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps, the elite wing of the military that happens to have billions upon billions of dollars’ worth of investments worldwide. The average operating margin of the five major Iranian automakers dropped by 1% from 13% to 12% in 2011. Production of a license-built Kia Pride began in 1993, before the Saipa Pride was launched in 2001 using 85 percent local parts. As a result, there is a recognition among many policymakers of the need to raise prices, and gradual increases have been implemented. Report: 100 Ford Dealers to Build Bronco Showrooms, EVs Explained: Battery Capacity, Gross Versus Net, This Week in Cars: Hummer EV and Silverado EV, Future EVs: Every Electric Vehicle Coming Soon. Iran Khodro Diesel has a dominant market share (+70%) in bus, truck and van production. It went under the name Jyane (or Jian) in Iran. [6][7] According to OICA statistics, production dropped dramatically to under 750,000 automobiles and commercial vehicles in 2013.[8]. 296 likes. [10] Some 1.8 billion liters of oil products worth 10 trillion rials ($1 billion) are smuggled out of Iran per annum. [56], Iran annually needs some 4,000 buses for its domestic transportation. [33] In 2014, Iranian car companies produced 1,090,846 cars and commercial vehicles, of which 925,975 were cars and 164,871 were other vehicles. The deal is to be complete by October 2008. The cost of regular unsubsidized petrol in Iran is IR7,000/liter (approximately 37 US cents/liter) and premium grade petrol IR8,000/liter, whereas the subsidized equivalents go for IR4,000/liter and IR5,000/liter, respectively. Iran Khodro also cranks out rebodied versions of the 405 called the Soren and the Samand. The interior is even available dolled up with wood so fake that even an old Daewoo would feel smug. They meet 70 percent of the domestic tire demand (11 million tires per year). In 1975 Saipa began manufacturing licensed versions of the original Renault 5 and later the Renault 21. But after the Iranian Revolution of 1979 production drastically decreased due to Iran–Iraq War and international sanctions. [27], Following the lifting of international sanctions, French car manufacturer Renault imported over 93,000 cars (fully built and CKD units) to Iran in 2016.[59]. [22] Unofficial estimates put the sector’s debt to Iranian banks as high as 100 trillion rials ($4 billion). [57], Since 2016 and the lifting of the international sanctions, nearly 40 foreign automakers, including Peugeot, Mercedes, and Toyota, are considering using Iran as a hub for their ME and regional exports. Not that the Kia Pride was going to go quietly. Iran Proud Home on IranProud.net. [10] 23710000. Everything on the vehicle works. Iran's automobile production crossed the 1 million mark in 2007/2008. 19100000. Some problems faced by the industry are slow deliveries of cars, lack of after sales services and low quality in the production of some cars. Short Description: Auto Ac Compressor for Iran Pride. Pride Auto Sales 10824 Courthouse Rd, Fredericksburg, VA 22408 540-642-4944 https://prideautosalesva.com. [11] The seven development phases of Iran's automotive industry have been:[12][13], In 2008, IDRO reported that SAIPA accounts for 54 percent and Iran Khodro for 46 percent of the output. To much fanfare (at least in the government-owned media), the company’s top brass described it as “innovative” and proudly announced it was a fully domestic project designed and built in Iran. [38], There were more than 8 million motorcycles in Iran by 2010[39] and 1,500 motorcycles receive registration number plates each day. FEATURES:-Bluetooth-Cruise Control-AC-Navigation Find your next vehicle with us by clicking here to see our latest brand-new inventory. [66] Experts also believe that the removal of subsidies is likely to have an adverse impact on the profitability of the automotive sector until 2013. This article incorporates text from a free content work. Up for Sale is a Acura RDX Tech PKG with a 2.3L Turbo Charged Engine And only 170,000KM on it. This prompted IKCO to announce plans in October 2013 to begin selling 10 000 cars a year to the Russian Federation. There are over 25 automakers in Iran, actively producing both light and heavy vehicles. Ca Tiba. [43] The sanctions have also created difficulties for the imports of spare parts and increased the cost for car manufacturers. New lines of locally designed and manufactured diesel, gasoline and dedicated CNG engines are being developed. In 2010, the government reduced its participation in Iran Khodko and Saipa to about 20% but the deals were annulled the same year by the Iranian Privatization Organization. SAIPA began by assembling Citroën's two-cylinder mini car, the Dyane, in 1968. The government was nevertheless forced to take action in June 2007 when it announced both a petrol increase to 12 cents/litre and the imposition of fuel rationing, much to the chagrin of vehicle owners. Text taken from UNESCO Science Report: towards 2030, UNESCO. By 2010 Iran's fleet reached 11.5 million cars and 14 million by 2014 (half of which are dilapidated). [64], Like other sectors, the automotive industry is suffering from a lack of foreign direct investment (FDI) and capital imports. [30][31][32] Because of sanctions on spare parts by France's Peugeot and Renault, car production in Iran dropped by as much as 40% in 2012 before recovering somewhat in 2014 following the Geneva interim agreement. The second new model from IKCO went on sale in March 2010 and is called the Runna, which means “nice” in Farsi. For Price of cars imported to Iran click here. 40.078 These automakers produce a wide range of automobiles including motorbikes, passenger cars, vans, mini trucks, medium-sized trucks, heavy duty trucks, minibuses, large size buses and other heavy automobiles used in commercial and private activities in the country. This video is an opening to Iran Pride backgroundWe stand for our rights, we are what we are and we are proud. Most American car buffs likely haven’t heard of the Pride, but they might remember it by its American-market name, the Ford Festiva, sold here from 1986 to 1993. Final words we make sure to bring you the latest prices of Iranian cars regularly to have a clear prospect of car prices in Iran, our prices is based on USD (American Dollar) and we hope to offer the prices in currencies such as Euro and Pound sterling. In the first installment, we knocked off North Korea. This content is created and maintained by a third party, and imported onto this page to help users provide their email addresses. A compact plant, growing between 3-5 feet in height. AH Ride & Pride Auto Group. In 2003, after 10 years of successful sales, Saipa added a new variant of its Pride-based subcompact, with freshened sheetmetal and a new interior. Verified Customer 02/23/2021. I hope this site will increase your appetite for discovering Iran. That keeps imports low (about 50,000 cars per year) and available only to the elite upper classes. )[64] Iran has 1,262 vehicles per refueling station compared with 856 vehicles per refueling station in Pakistan. Diego Piccini da Todi - Artiste, Montreal, Quebec. Iran's pride Paykan was an automobile produced by the Iranian company Iran National (later named Iran Khodro) Industrial Group. [43][44], Sapco and Sazeh Gostar are the respective purchasing arms of Iran Khodro and Saipa (the two largest Iranian auto manufacturers). To manufacture each Pride, “it is necessary to import USD 1,500 worth of parts and raw materials,” Madani explained. A huge number of the cars built and sold in Iran today have French roots, a remnant of the strong relationship France once had with the Middle East. Runs and shifts as should. He said that 27 of these companies had a market value each in excess of US$400 million. The trouble is that these foreign-branded cars still remain too expensive for most shoppers in this country of more than 70 million. The factory will be in the Iranian city of Babol. This lush green plant will grow anywhere, and finishes in Mid-August on the East Coast of Canada. Saipa makes about the same number of cars as does Iran Khodro, putting its eggs in the basket of an old Kia subcompact called the Pride. That day is today. State-run media report that Iran Khodro is expecting to build 730,000 cars next year and is on the brink of setting up manufacturing and sales facilities in Venezuela. 2414 E Ave Akron, OH 44314 (330) 745-8620 Mon-Thurs: 9AM - 6PM Fri: 9AM - 7PM Sat: 9AM - 5PM Sunday: Closed Menu (330) 745-8620 . Chery Automobile is to hold 30% of the venture, and Khodro will hold 49%. In 2015 the government made loans up to $7120 available for purchase of domestic cars (with an interest rate of between 16-18%). No clear reason was given for the cancellation of the deals, but analysts believe that discontent over the prices at which the blocks were traded is the most likely reason. The sector directly employs about 500,000 people (roughly 2.3% of the workforce), and many more in related industries. Auto Pride is an Auto Value Certified service centre. Consult 50 years of Iran Historical Data here Thanks to our partnership with CE Auto we can share with you exclusive detail on the Iranian new car market with updates on both local production and imports over… The Baby-Brousse was built from 1970 until 1979. In addition to the fine craftsmanship assumed to come with any cut-and-shut limo job, the Samand Sarir’s luxurious interior will no doubt make owners the envy of 1970s pimps worldwide. The policy, which allocates 120 litres maximum per month (following revisions in December) to private car owners, will run until end-2008/09.
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